‘n Kunstenaarsindruk van die RS Ophiuchi nova-ontploffing. Die skokgolwe vorm ‘n uurglas soos dit uitsit, waartydens gammastrale geproduseer word. Die teleskope in die hoë-energie stereoskopiese stelsel (Hess) neem dit dan af. FOTO DESY/H.E.S.S., Science Communication Lab
‘n Kunstenaarsindruk van die RS Ophiuchi nova-ontploffing. Die skokgolwe vorm ‘n uurglas soos dit uitsit, waartydens gammastrale geproduseer word. Die teleskope in die hoë-energie stereoskopiese stelsel (Hess) neem dit dan af. FOTO DESY/H.E.S.S., Science Communication Lab

Nog ’n kosmiese deurbraak vir Hess

Kosmiese partikelversnelling ‘soos rolprent’ bestudeer
Sterrekundiges is opgewonde nadat Hess-navorsers vir die eerste keer ooit direkte waarnemers van partikelversnelling buite ons sonnestelsel was.
Elvira Hattingh
Die teleskope in die hoë-energie stereoskopiese stelsel (Hess) in die Khomas Hochland het onlangs vir nog ‘n deurbraak in die wêreld van kosmiese wetenskap gesorg.

Vir die eerste keer ooit is ‘n galaktiese ontploffing, of nova, in baie hoë gammastrale buite ons eie sonnestelsel waargeneem.

Die Universiteit van Namibië (Unam) verduidelik in ‘n mediaverklaring wat gister uitgereik is (10 Maart) novae is kragtige ontploffings op die oppervlak van ‘n witdwerg binne ‘n dubbelsterstelsel, waar ‘n groter ster en ‘n kleiner ster rondom mekaar wentel.

Witdwerge is sterre wat al hul waterstof – wat dit eens as kernbrandstof gebruik het – verbrand het.

“Die sterre in dié stelsel is omtrent dieselfde afstand van mekaar as die aarde en die son,” het Alison Mitchell gesê, ‘n navorser by die Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg en hoofnavorser van die Hess-novaprogram.

“Toe ‘n nova in Augustus 2021 voorgekom het, het die Hess-teleskope ons toegelaat om vir die eerste keer ooit ‘n galaktiese ontploffing in baie hoë gammastrale waar te neem,” sê sy.

NOVA

Dit was ook tydens die gebeurtenis dat navorsers vir die eerste keer die ontwikkeling van ‘n nova in werklike tyd kon volg, wat hulle toegelaat het om kosmiese partikelversnelling te bestudeer asof hulle na ‘n rolprent kyk.

Hulle kon hoë-energie gammastrale vir tot ‘n maand ná die ontploffing meet.

“’n Nova skep ‘n skokgolf, wat deur die omringende medium skeur, deeltjies saam met dit meesleur en dit tot uiterste energieë versnel,” lui die verklaring.

Hess-navorsers kon ook vir die eerste keer dié versnellingsproses waarneem.

“Verrassend genoeg, blyk dit dat die RS Ophiuchi nova-partikels versnel tot op ‘n spoed wat, teoreties, as die limiet binne ideale toestande beskou word,” het die universiteit in ‘n verklaring gesê.

Die navorsers het ontdek dat die deeltjies versnel tot energieë wat honderde kere meer is as wat vantevore in novae waargeneem is. Boonop is die energie wat tydens die ontploffing vrygestel is, uiters doeltreffend omgeskakel in versnelde protone en swaar atoomkerne.

“Dis die eerste keer ooit dat ons waarnemings soos hierdie kon doen en dit sal ons in staat stel om meer akkurate insig te verkry in hoe kosmiese ontploffings werk,” verduidelik Dmitry Khangulyan, ‘n teoretiese astrofisikus van die Rikkyo Universiteit in Tokyo, Japan.

“Ons kan byvoorbeeld ontdek dat novae ‘n bydrae maak tot die altyd-teenwoordige see van kosmiese strale en daarom ‘n beduidende uitwerking op die dinamika van hul onmiddellike omgewing het.”

HOE GEBEUR DIT?

Die navorsers verduidelik dat nova-gebeurtenisse voorkom wanneer die witdwerg deur sy aantrekkingskrag materiaal van sy massiewe metgestel-ster versamel.

“Sommige nova-gebeurtenisse vind herhalend plaas.

“Hierdie herhalende novae is die gevolg van termonukleêre ontploffings op die oppervlak van witdwerge. RS Ophiuchi is een van hierdie herhalende novae; daar kom sowat elke 15 tot 20 jaar ‘n ontploffing op sy oppervlakte voor,” lui die verklaring.

Die Unam-gegradueerde en Hess- sterrewagpersoneellid, Sennae Kankondi, asook die Unam-fisika-student Sigrid Shilunga was deel van die span wat die teleskope tydens dié observasie hanteer het. – [email protected]

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Premier League: Manchester City 5 vs 1 Wolves | Brentford 0 vs 0 Fulham | Sheffield United 1 vs 3 Nottingham Forest | Burnley 1 vs 4 Newcastle | Arsenal 3 vs 0 Bournemouth | Luton Town 1 vs 1 Everton | Chelsea 2 vs 0 Tottenham Hotspur LaLiga: Mallorca 0 vs 1 Atletico Madrid | Girona 4 vs 2 Barcelona | Real Madrid 3 vs 0 Cadiz | Real Sociedad 2 vs 0 Las Palmas | Getafe 0 vs 2 Athletic Club SerieA: Sassuolo 1 vs 0 Inter Milan | Monza 2 vs 2 SS Lazio | Torino 0 vs 0 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: Plymouth Argyle 1 vs 0 Hull City | Birmingham City 1 vs 0 Norwich City | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Queens Park Rangers | Stoke City 4 vs 0 Bristol City | Swansea City 0 vs 1 Millwall FC | Leeds United 1 vs 2 Southampton | Ipswich Town 2 vs 0 Huddersfield Town | Sunderland 0 vs 2 Sheffield Wednesday | Rotherham United 5 vs 2 Cardiff City | Middlesbrough 3 vs 1 Watford | Leicester City 0 vs 2 Blackburn Rovers | West Bromwich Albion 3 vs 0 Preston North End English Championship: Plymouth Argyle 1 vs 0 Hull City | Birmingham City 1 vs 0 Norwich City | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Queens Park Rangers | Stoke City 4 vs 0 Bristol City | Swansea City 0 vs 1 Millwall FC | Leeds United 1 vs 2 Southampton | Ipswich Town 2 vs 0 Huddersfield Town | Sunderland 0 vs 2 Sheffield Wednesday | Rotherham United 5 vs 2 Cardiff City | Middlesbrough 3 vs 1 Watford | Leicester City 0 vs 2 Blackburn Rovers | West Bromwich Albion 3 vs 0 Preston North End Katima Mulilo: 14° | 33° Rundu: 14° | 32° Eenhana: 13° | 33° Oshakati: 15° | 32° Ruacana: 16° | 34° Tsumeb: 16° | 31° Otjiwarongo: 14° | 30° Omaruru: 14° | 32° Windhoek: 12° | 27° Gobabis: 14° | 28° Henties Bay: 14° | 20° Wind speed: 18km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 10:44, High tide: 04:42, Low Tide: 22:59, High tide: 17:11 Swakopmund: 16° | 17° Wind speed: 20km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:42, High tide: 04:40, Low Tide: 22:57, High tide: 17:09 Walvis Bay: 17° | 23° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:42, High tide: 04:39, Low Tide: 22:57, High tide: 17:08 Rehoboth: 14° | 29° Mariental: 17° | 31° Keetmanshoop: 17° | 31° Aranos: 16° | 30° Lüderitz: 14° | 24° Ariamsvlei: 16° | 33° Oranjemund: 13° | 21° Luanda: 25° | 30° Gaborone: 15° | 29° Lubumbashi: 13° | 27° Mbabane: 15° | 29° Maseru: 10° | 25° Antananarivo: 12° | 23° Lilongwe: 17° | 28° Maputo: 18° | 31° Windhoek: 12° | 27° Cape Town: 14° | 17° Durban: 18° | 30° Johannesburg: 16° | 25° Dar es Salaam: 22° | 29° Lusaka: 16° | 29° Harare: 13° | 29° Currency: GBP to NAD 23.17 | EUR to NAD 19.9 | CNY to NAD 2.54 | USD to NAD 18.5 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.31 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.67 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.64 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 133.95 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.64 | USD to EGP 47.9 | USD to KES 133.98 | USD to NGN 1379 | USD to ZAR 18.5 | USD to ZMW 27.1 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 76428.31 Up +0.50% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1700.24 Up +0.45% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13403.47 Up +0.61% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 26113.71 Up +6.81% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 301.81/OZ DOWN -0.0011 | Copper US$ 4.53/lb UP +1.46% | Zinc US$ 2 924.30/T DOWN -0.08% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 83.49/BBP DOWN -0.0105 | Platinum US$ 955.87/OZ UP +0.28% Sport results: Premier League: Manchester City 5 vs 1 Wolves | Brentford 0 vs 0 Fulham | Sheffield United 1 vs 3 Nottingham Forest | Burnley 1 vs 4 Newcastle | Arsenal 3 vs 0 Bournemouth | Luton Town 1 vs 1 Everton | Chelsea 2 vs 0 Tottenham Hotspur LaLiga: Mallorca 0 vs 1 Atletico Madrid | Girona 4 vs 2 Barcelona | Real Madrid 3 vs 0 Cadiz | Real Sociedad 2 vs 0 Las Palmas | Getafe 0 vs 2 Athletic Club SerieA: Sassuolo 1 vs 0 Inter Milan | Monza 2 vs 2 SS Lazio | Torino 0 vs 0 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: Plymouth Argyle 1 vs 0 Hull City | Birmingham City 1 vs 0 Norwich City | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Queens Park Rangers | Stoke City 4 vs 0 Bristol City | Swansea City 0 vs 1 Millwall FC | Leeds United 1 vs 2 Southampton | Ipswich Town 2 vs 0 Huddersfield Town | Sunderland 0 vs 2 Sheffield Wednesday | Rotherham United 5 vs 2 Cardiff City | Middlesbrough 3 vs 1 Watford | Leicester City 0 vs 2 Blackburn Rovers | West Bromwich Albion 3 vs 0 Preston North End English Championship: Plymouth Argyle 1 vs 0 Hull City | Birmingham City 1 vs 0 Norwich City | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Queens Park Rangers | Stoke City 4 vs 0 Bristol City | Swansea City 0 vs 1 Millwall FC | Leeds United 1 vs 2 Southampton | Ipswich Town 2 vs 0 Huddersfield Town | Sunderland 0 vs 2 Sheffield Wednesday | Rotherham United 5 vs 2 Cardiff City | Middlesbrough 3 vs 1 Watford | Leicester City 0 vs 2 Blackburn Rovers | West Bromwich Albion 3 vs 0 Preston North End Weather: Katima Mulilo: 14° | 33° Rundu: 14° | 32° Eenhana: 13° | 33° Oshakati: 15° | 32° Ruacana: 16° | 34° Tsumeb: 16° | 31° Otjiwarongo: 14° | 30° Omaruru: 14° | 32° Windhoek: 12° | 27° Gobabis: 14° | 28° Henties Bay: 14° | 20° Wind speed: 18km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 10:44, High tide: 04:42, Low Tide: 22:59, High tide: 17:11 Swakopmund: 16° | 17° Wind speed: 20km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:42, High tide: 04:40, Low Tide: 22:57, High tide: 17:09 Walvis Bay: 17° | 23° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:42, High tide: 04:39, Low Tide: 22:57, High tide: 17:08 Rehoboth: 14° | 29° Mariental: 17° | 31° Keetmanshoop: 17° | 31° Aranos: 16° | 30° Lüderitz: 14° | 24° Ariamsvlei: 16° | 33° Oranjemund: 13° | 21° Luanda: 25° | 30° Gaborone: 15° | 29° Lubumbashi: 13° | 27° Mbabane: 15° | 29° Maseru: 10° | 25° Antananarivo: 12° | 23° Lilongwe: 17° | 28° Maputo: 18° | 31° Windhoek: 12° | 27° Cape Town: 14° | 17° Durban: 18° | 30° Johannesburg: 16° | 25° Dar es Salaam: 22° | 29° Lusaka: 16° | 29° Harare: 13° | 29° Economic Indicators: Currency: GBP to NAD 23.17 | EUR to NAD 19.9 | CNY to NAD 2.54 | USD to NAD 18.5 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.31 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.67 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.64 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 133.95 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.64 | USD to EGP 47.9 | USD to KES 133.98 | USD to NGN 1379 | USD to ZAR 18.5 | USD to ZMW 27.1 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 76428.31 Up +0.50% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1700.24 Up +0.45% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13403.47 Up +0.61% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 26113.71 Up +6.81% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 301.81/OZ DOWN -0.0011 | Copper US$ 4.53/lb UP +1.46% | Zinc US$ 2 924.30/T DOWN -0.08% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 83.49/BBP DOWN -0.0105 | Platinum US$ 955.87/OZ UP +0.28%