Onderwysrubriek
Onderwysrubriek

Onderwys – Ingrypings vir beter onderwys

Ek kon nog nie agterkom dat daadwerklike planne of strategieë geïmplementeer is om die prestasiekurwe van ons skole opwaarts te dwing nie.

Dit wil my voorkom of ons op die ou ramkiekie voortspeel. Die klagtes oor al die gebreke en tekortkominge duur voort. Geld is ’n probleem en daarvan sal ook in die afsienbare tyd nie genoeg wees nie. Omstandighede vra na innovasie en ons moet seker begin rondkyk na kostedoeltreffende ingrypings. Ingrypings kan ongelukkig net slaag as dit geïmplementeer word met die inagneming van die ongelykhede in ons samelewing en ander realiteite soos historisiteit en gesins-, leerling-, en omgewingseienskappe.

Debra Shepperd waarsku in haar navorsingstuk, Constraints to School Effectives: What prevents poor schools from delivering results (2006) teen ’n “one size fits all”-benadering. Ons skole is nie almal dieselfde nie en ingrypings moet kennis neem van hierdie “andershede” en ongelykhede.

Skole in die laer-inkomstegebiede sal byvoorbeeld nie noodwendig baat by veranderinge soos groter outonomie, ’n sterker personeelmag en die opgradering van bestuurs- en klaskamerprosesse, soos skole in die hoër-inkomstegebiede nie.

Ek het nou onlangs verwys na strenger beheer oor skool- en werksbywoning; die regulasies is daar en dit vra net vir doeltreffende en volgehoue implementering. Die benadering moet kollektief (hoofkantoor, streekkantoor en skool) geïmplementeer word, gerugsteun deur ’n beleid van zero-toleransie.

’n Baie ouer studie is die van Levin et al (Cost Effectiveness of Four Educational Interventions) van 1984. Levin en sy kollegas het gekyk na kruis-onderdomonderrig (cross age tutoring), rekenaar-ondersteunde onderrig, kleiner klasse en meer onderrigtyd.

Al hierdie ingrypings het voordele, maar kan met kostes kom. In klasgroepe waar die ouderdomme van leerlinge betekenisvol verskil, kan portuuronderrig (peer teaching) tot sy reg kom. Die trefwydte van rekenaar-ondersteunde onderrig sal beperk wees omdat alle skole en ouers nie die kostes daaraan verbonde sal kan dra nie. Kleiner leerling-onderwyser- en leerling-klaskamer-ratio’s blyk oral groot aanhang te geniet, maar dit kom teen ’n baie hoë prys. ’n Toename in onderrigtyd blyk ’n groot moontlikheid te wees. Die skooldag of skoolweek kan gerek word of die vakansies kan ingekort word.

Die studie van Ernesto Schiefelbein and Laurence Wolff (Cost-Effectiveness of Primary School Interventions in English Speaking East and West Africa: A Survey of Opinion by Education Planners and Economists) van 2007 het onder andere gefokus op kostedoeltreffende ingrypings. Ek het ook die eer gehad om insette te kan lewer. Hulle het onder andere gekyk na die verlenging van onderrigtyd, handhawing van die skooljaar, gereelde skoolbywoning, plasing van die mees ervare en presterende onderwysers in graad 1 in die laerskool, beter verspreiding van handboeke, verbod op die oorskakeling van onderwysers in ’n skooljaar en die rotasie van goeie onderwysers en skoolhoofde onder skole. Die meeste van hierdie voorstelle is kostedoeltreffend, maar hulle sal goed bestuur moet word.

Dis drastiese tye en dis tyd vir drastiese stappe. En, ons moet nie oorversigtig wees uit vrees vir druk van die unies, politici of die gemeenskap nie. Tydens die Covid-19-tyd het ons geweldig baie onderrigtyd verloor weens ons weiering om by alle skole die pelotonstelsel te implementeer. Ons moet versigtig wees om nie die baba met die badwater uit te gooi nie.

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Republikein 2024-05-14

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Premier League: Aston Villa 3 vs 3 Liverpool | Manchester United 0 vs 1 Arsenal | Nottingham Forest 2 vs 3 Chelsea | Newcastle 1 vs 1 Brighton | Wolves 1 vs 3 Crystal Palace | Everton 1 vs 0 Sheffield United | West Ham 3 vs 1 Luton Town | Bournemouth 1 vs 2 Brentford | Tottenham Hotspur 2 vs 1 Burnley | Fulham 0 vs 4 Manchester City LaLiga: Barcelona 2 vs 0 Real Sociedad | Real Betis 3 vs 2 Almería | Valencia 0 vs 0 Rayo Vallecano | Atletico Madrid 1 vs 0 Celta Vigo | Cadiz 1 vs 0 Getafe | Athletic Club 2 vs 2 Osasuna | Granada 0 vs 4 Real Madrid | Villarreal 3 vs 2 Sevilla | Mallorca 1 vs 0 Las Palmas SerieA: Fiorentina 2 vs 1 Monza | Lecce 0 vs 2 Udinese | Atalanta 2 vs 1 AS Roma | Juventus 1 vs 1 Salernitana | Genoa 2 vs 1 Sassuolo | Hellas Verona 1 vs 2 Torino | SS Lazio 2 vs 0 Empoli | AC Milan 5 vs 1 Cagliari | Napoli 0 vs 2 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: West Bromwich Albion 0 vs 0 Southampton | Norwich City 0 vs 0 Leeds United English Championship: West Bromwich Albion 0 vs 0 Southampton | Norwich City 0 vs 0 Leeds United Katima Mulilo: 13° | 31° Rundu: 13° | 30° Eenhana: 17° | 32° Oshakati: 17° | 32° Ruacana: 18° | 32° Tsumeb: 15° | 28° Otjiwarongo: 13° | 27° Omaruru: 13° | 29° Windhoek: 12° | 25° Gobabis: 14° | 25° Henties Bay: 15° | 32° Wind speed: 26km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 13:52, High tide: 07:51, Low Tide: 02:00, High tide: 20:47 Swakopmund: 17° | 24° Wind speed: 27km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 13:50, High tide: 07:49, Low Tide: 02:00, High tide: 20:45 Walvis Bay: 20° | 32° Wind speed: 30km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 13:50, High tide: 07:48, Low Tide: 02:00, High tide: 20:44 Rehoboth: 14° | 26° Mariental: 15° | 29° Keetmanshoop: 19° | 30° Aranos: 16° | 28° Lüderitz: 18° | 35° Ariamsvlei: 19° | 31° Oranjemund: 14° | 29° Luanda: 24° | 27° Gaborone: 13° | 27° Lubumbashi: 13° | 27° Mbabane: 12° | 24° Maseru: 9° | 24° Antananarivo: 14° | 22° Lilongwe: 13° | 26° Maputo: 19° | 26° Windhoek: 12° | 25° Cape Town: 16° | 20° Durban: 17° | 26° Johannesburg: 15° | 23° Dar es Salaam: 23° | 31° Lusaka: 16° | 26° Harare: 12° | 23° Currency: GBP to NAD 23.08 | EUR to NAD 19.87 | CNY to NAD 2.54 | USD to NAD 18.37 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.3 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.71 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.55 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 134.05 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.6 | USD to EGP 46.8 | USD to KES 129.48 | USD to NGN 1498 | USD to ZAR 18.37 | USD to ZMW 25.25 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 78632.56 Down -0.07% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1710.9 Down -2.52% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13501.46 Down -0.29% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 25339.77 Down -0.16% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI 9151.06 Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 358.63/OZ UP +0.86% | Copper US$ 4.85/lb UP +2.16% | Zinc US$ 3 006.00/T UP 0.27% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 82.74/BBP DOWN -0.0132 | Platinum US$ 1 034.34/OZ UP +3.29% Sport results: Premier League: Aston Villa 3 vs 3 Liverpool | Manchester United 0 vs 1 Arsenal | Nottingham Forest 2 vs 3 Chelsea | Newcastle 1 vs 1 Brighton | Wolves 1 vs 3 Crystal Palace | Everton 1 vs 0 Sheffield United | West Ham 3 vs 1 Luton Town | Bournemouth 1 vs 2 Brentford | Tottenham Hotspur 2 vs 1 Burnley | Fulham 0 vs 4 Manchester City LaLiga: Barcelona 2 vs 0 Real Sociedad | Real Betis 3 vs 2 Almería | Valencia 0 vs 0 Rayo Vallecano | Atletico Madrid 1 vs 0 Celta Vigo | Cadiz 1 vs 0 Getafe | Athletic Club 2 vs 2 Osasuna | Granada 0 vs 4 Real Madrid | Villarreal 3 vs 2 Sevilla | Mallorca 1 vs 0 Las Palmas SerieA: Fiorentina 2 vs 1 Monza | Lecce 0 vs 2 Udinese | Atalanta 2 vs 1 AS Roma | Juventus 1 vs 1 Salernitana | Genoa 2 vs 1 Sassuolo | Hellas Verona 1 vs 2 Torino | SS Lazio 2 vs 0 Empoli | AC Milan 5 vs 1 Cagliari | Napoli 0 vs 2 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: West Bromwich Albion 0 vs 0 Southampton | Norwich City 0 vs 0 Leeds United English Championship: West Bromwich Albion 0 vs 0 Southampton | Norwich City 0 vs 0 Leeds United Weather: Katima Mulilo: 13° | 31° Rundu: 13° | 30° Eenhana: 17° | 32° Oshakati: 17° | 32° Ruacana: 18° | 32° Tsumeb: 15° | 28° Otjiwarongo: 13° | 27° Omaruru: 13° | 29° Windhoek: 12° | 25° Gobabis: 14° | 25° Henties Bay: 15° | 32° Wind speed: 26km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 13:52, High tide: 07:51, Low Tide: 02:00, High tide: 20:47 Swakopmund: 17° | 24° Wind speed: 27km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 13:50, High tide: 07:49, Low Tide: 02:00, High tide: 20:45 Walvis Bay: 20° | 32° Wind speed: 30km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 13:50, High tide: 07:48, Low Tide: 02:00, High tide: 20:44 Rehoboth: 14° | 26° Mariental: 15° | 29° Keetmanshoop: 19° | 30° Aranos: 16° | 28° Lüderitz: 18° | 35° Ariamsvlei: 19° | 31° Oranjemund: 14° | 29° Luanda: 24° | 27° Gaborone: 13° | 27° Lubumbashi: 13° | 27° Mbabane: 12° | 24° Maseru: 9° | 24° Antananarivo: 14° | 22° Lilongwe: 13° | 26° Maputo: 19° | 26° Windhoek: 12° | 25° Cape Town: 16° | 20° Durban: 17° | 26° Johannesburg: 15° | 23° Dar es Salaam: 23° | 31° Lusaka: 16° | 26° Harare: 12° | 23° Economic Indicators: Currency: GBP to NAD 23.08 | EUR to NAD 19.87 | CNY to NAD 2.54 | USD to NAD 18.37 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.3 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.71 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.55 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 134.05 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.6 | USD to EGP 46.8 | USD to KES 129.48 | USD to NGN 1498 | USD to ZAR 18.37 | USD to ZMW 25.25 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 78632.56 Down -0.07% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1710.9 Down -2.52% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13501.46 Down -0.29% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 25339.77 Down -0.16% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI 9151.06 Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 358.63/OZ UP +0.86% | Copper US$ 4.85/lb UP +2.16% | Zinc US$ 3 006.00/T UP 0.27% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 82.74/BBP DOWN -0.0132 | Platinum US$ 1 034.34/OZ UP +3.29%