The Bank of Namibia recently hosted its second meeting of the Central Monetary Area (CMA) Governors at Strand Hotel in Swakopmund. Photo Nikanor Nangolo
The Bank of Namibia recently hosted its second meeting of the Central Monetary Area (CMA) Governors at Strand Hotel in Swakopmund. Photo Nikanor Nangolo

We are not out of the woods yet - !Gawaxab

Nikanor Nangolo
Governor of the Bank of Namibia Johannes !Gawaxab says that there is growing concern among the public regarding the persistent cost of living challenge. "We have been decisive and remain committed to our mandate to combat inflation,"!Gawaxab said at the second meeting Central Monetary Area (CMA) Governors meeting in Swakopmund.



According to him, headline inflation in the CMA remains elevated and averages 6.4% for the first quarter of 2023, however, the nature of the inflation challenge is changing. "We are seeing a decline in the inflation rate as shocks that drove up inflation wane, and our monetary policy actions are transmitted to the economy. We are not out of the woods yet, but inflation expectations appear to be anchoring. I have no doubt that we will all stay the course to bring inflation down to where it belongs," he said.

!Gawaxab explained that the world is facing near stagflation. "Geopolitical fault lines are clearer than ever before. The war between Russia and Ukraine is ranging on unabated, while competition and tension between the superpowers – US and China – are intensifying. Policymakers are facing a unique constellation of challenges. On the one hand, central banks all over the world have been fighting to bring inflation back under control: prices are rising too fast, albeit decelerating in most recent times. On the other hand, financial vulnerabilities are widespread. Each of these challenges – inflation and tight financing conditions, by itself would be difficult to tackle, their combination is a daunting challenge," he said.

"The dominance of the US Dollar as a reserve currency has become topical again. Many are mooting alternative currency regimes for international trade. We all are familiar with the idea of the exorbitant privilege of the US Dollar. One of the key arguments for the exorbitant privilege is that the USA is able to run persistent trade deficits without experiencing the same consequences as other countries. This is because other countries are willing to hold US Dollars as a reserve asset, which increases the demand for US dollars in the international market. The US is able to borrow at lower interest rates than it would be able to otherwise since other countries are effectively subsidizing its debt,"!Gawaxab said.

He further noted that alternative currencies, such as the BRICS currency or a continental currency for Africa, are also mooted. "Any alternative reserve currency needs to satisfy the criteria around convertibility, liquidity, rule of law, and deep capital markets. The fact that the oil is priced in the USD is another key consideration in this debate. We are following the debate around alternative currencies, knowing that a lot of water will have to flow into the ocean before the status quo changes. The transition to a new reserve currency, if it happens, is a slow process, much like a snail’s race. Another debate that ranges around currencies is about an African currency. To achieve this, we know that macroeconomic convergence is a prerequisite. To achieve this noble objective, we need similarities in inflation, debt levels, fiscal policies, and banking rules to mention but a few,"

The weakness of the Rand in most recent times has led to intense debates in countries participating in the CMA. The spillover effects have been acute as most of our smaller countries are net importers of goods and services. We shouldn’t shy away from pointing this out and reflect on mitigating strategies in light of the direct but varied impact in each of our countries. Whilst acknowledging these concerns, it is the considered view of the Bank of Namibia that the benefits of its membership in the CMA outweigh the costs,"!Gawaxab added.

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Premier League: Sheffield United 0 vs 3 Tottenham Hotspur | Crystal Palace 5 vs 0 Aston Villa | Brentford 2 vs 4 Newcastle | Brighton 0 vs 2 Manchester United | Liverpool 2 vs 0 Wolves | Burnley 1 vs 2 Nottingham Forest | Luton Town 2 vs 4 Fulham | Manchester City 3 vs 1 West Ham | Arsenal 2 vs 1 Everton | Chelsea 2 vs 1 Bournemouth LaLiga: Barcelona 3 vs 0 Rayo Vallecano | Cadiz 0 vs 0 Las Palmas | Granada 1 vs 2 Celta Vigo | Mallorca 2 vs 2 Almería | Atletico Madrid 1 vs 4 Osasuna | Villarreal 4 vs 4 Real Madrid | Valencia 1 vs 3 Girona | Real Betis 0 vs 2 Real Sociedad | Athletic Club 2 vs 0 Sevilla | Deportivo Alaves 1 vs 0 Getafe | Real Sociedad 1 vs 0 Valencia | Almería 0 vs 2 Barcelona | Las Palmas 2 vs 2 Real Betis SerieA: AS Roma 1 vs 0 Genoa | Inter Milan 1 vs 1 SS Lazio | Monza 0 vs 1 Frosinone | Udinese 1 vs 1 Empoli | Sassuolo 0 vs 2 Cagliari | Torino 3 vs 1 AC Milan | Lecce 0 vs 2 Atalanta | Fiorentina 2 vs 2 Napoli European Championships Qualifying: Southampton 3 vs 1 West Bromwich Albion | Leeds United 4 vs 0 Norwich City English Championship: Southampton 3 vs 1 West Bromwich Albion | Leeds United 4 vs 0 Norwich City F1: Emilia Romagna GP First:Max Verstappen Red Bull 01:25:25 Second:Lando Norris McLaren + 00:00:00.725 Third:Charles Leclerc Ferrari + 00:00:07.916 Katima Mulilo: 11° | 31° Rundu: 9° | 30° Eenhana: 11° | 31° Oshakati: 12° | 31° Ruacana: 12° | 31° Tsumeb: 13° | 29° Otjiwarongo: 12° | 27° Omaruru: 14° | 29° Windhoek: 12° | 26° Gobabis: 13° | 27° Henties Bay: 20° | 36° Wind speed: 27km/h, Wind direction: E, Low tide: 07:06, High tide: 13:28, Low Tide: 19:06, High tide: 01:31 Swakopmund: 20° | 26° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 07:04, High tide: 13:26, Low Tide: 19:04, High tide: 01:29 Walvis Bay: 22° | 33° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: SE, Low tide: 07:04, High tide: 13:25, Low Tide: 19:04, High tide: 01:28 Rehoboth: 12° | 27° Mariental: 15° | 29° Keetmanshoop: 18° | 30° Aranos: 15° | 29° Lüderitz: 16° | 35° Ariamsvlei: 18° | 32° Oranjemund: 13° | 33° Luanda: 24° | 26° Gaborone: 14° | 27° Lubumbashi: 11° | 26° Mbabane: 12° | 25° Maseru: 8° | 24° Antananarivo: 15° | 22° Lilongwe: 13° | 26° Maputo: 20° | 27° Windhoek: 12° | 26° Cape Town: 14° | 21° Durban: 17° | 28° Johannesburg: 15° | 24° Dar es Salaam: 24° | 32° Lusaka: 13° | 25° Harare: 12° | 26° Currency: GBP to NAD 23.01 | EUR to NAD 19.73 | CNY to NAD 2.51 | USD to NAD 18.15 | DZD to NAD 0.13 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.3 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.7 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.55 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 134.35 | USD to AOA 847.42 | USD to BWP 13.49 | USD to EGP 46.86 | USD to KES 130.48 | USD to NGN 1467 | USD to ZAR 18.15 | USD to ZMW 25.45 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 79530.63 Up +0.03% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1754.58 Up +0.81% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13426.13 Up +0.11% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 26142.84 Up +3.27% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI 9151.06 Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 414.72/OZ UP +1.55% | Copper US$ 5.04/lb UP +4.12% | Zinc US$ 3 059.30/T UP 0.11% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 84.28/BBP UP +0.60% | Platinum US$ 1 084.88/OZ UP +2.19% Sport results: Premier League: Sheffield United 0 vs 3 Tottenham Hotspur | Crystal Palace 5 vs 0 Aston Villa | Brentford 2 vs 4 Newcastle | Brighton 0 vs 2 Manchester United | Liverpool 2 vs 0 Wolves | Burnley 1 vs 2 Nottingham Forest | Luton Town 2 vs 4 Fulham | Manchester City 3 vs 1 West Ham | Arsenal 2 vs 1 Everton | Chelsea 2 vs 1 Bournemouth LaLiga: Barcelona 3 vs 0 Rayo Vallecano | Cadiz 0 vs 0 Las Palmas | Granada 1 vs 2 Celta Vigo | Mallorca 2 vs 2 Almería | Atletico Madrid 1 vs 4 Osasuna | Villarreal 4 vs 4 Real Madrid | Valencia 1 vs 3 Girona | Real Betis 0 vs 2 Real Sociedad | Athletic Club 2 vs 0 Sevilla | Deportivo Alaves 1 vs 0 Getafe | Real Sociedad 1 vs 0 Valencia | Almería 0 vs 2 Barcelona | Las Palmas 2 vs 2 Real Betis SerieA: AS Roma 1 vs 0 Genoa | Inter Milan 1 vs 1 SS Lazio | Monza 0 vs 1 Frosinone | Udinese 1 vs 1 Empoli | Sassuolo 0 vs 2 Cagliari | Torino 3 vs 1 AC Milan | Lecce 0 vs 2 Atalanta | Fiorentina 2 vs 2 Napoli European Championships Qualifying: Southampton 3 vs 1 West Bromwich Albion | Leeds United 4 vs 0 Norwich City English Championship: Southampton 3 vs 1 West Bromwich Albion | Leeds United 4 vs 0 Norwich City F1: Emilia Romagna GP First:Max Verstappen Red Bull 01:25:25 Second:Lando Norris McLaren + 00:00:00.725 Third:Charles Leclerc Ferrari + 00:00:07.916 Weather: Katima Mulilo: 11° | 31° Rundu: 9° | 30° Eenhana: 11° | 31° Oshakati: 12° | 31° Ruacana: 12° | 31° Tsumeb: 13° | 29° Otjiwarongo: 12° | 27° Omaruru: 14° | 29° Windhoek: 12° | 26° Gobabis: 13° | 27° Henties Bay: 20° | 36° Wind speed: 27km/h, Wind direction: E, Low tide: 07:06, High tide: 13:28, Low Tide: 19:06, High tide: 01:31 Swakopmund: 20° | 26° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 07:04, High tide: 13:26, Low Tide: 19:04, High tide: 01:29 Walvis Bay: 22° | 33° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: SE, Low tide: 07:04, High tide: 13:25, Low Tide: 19:04, High tide: 01:28 Rehoboth: 12° | 27° Mariental: 15° | 29° Keetmanshoop: 18° | 30° Aranos: 15° | 29° Lüderitz: 16° | 35° Ariamsvlei: 18° | 32° Oranjemund: 13° | 33° Luanda: 24° | 26° Gaborone: 14° | 27° Lubumbashi: 11° | 26° Mbabane: 12° | 25° Maseru: 8° | 24° Antananarivo: 15° | 22° Lilongwe: 13° | 26° Maputo: 20° | 27° Windhoek: 12° | 26° Cape Town: 14° | 21° Durban: 17° | 28° Johannesburg: 15° | 24° Dar es Salaam: 24° | 32° Lusaka: 13° | 25° Harare: 12° | 26° Economic Indicators: Currency: GBP to NAD 23.01 | EUR to NAD 19.73 | CNY to NAD 2.51 | USD to NAD 18.15 | DZD to NAD 0.13 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.3 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.7 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.55 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 134.35 | USD to AOA 847.42 | USD to BWP 13.49 | USD to EGP 46.86 | USD to KES 130.48 | USD to NGN 1467 | USD to ZAR 18.15 | USD to ZMW 25.45 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 79530.63 Up +0.03% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1754.58 Up +0.81% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13426.13 Up +0.11% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 26142.84 Up +3.27% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI 9151.06 Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 414.72/OZ UP +1.55% | Copper US$ 5.04/lb UP +4.12% | Zinc US$ 3 059.30/T UP 0.11% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 84.28/BBP UP +0.60% | Platinum US$ 1 084.88/OZ UP +2.19%