Vyf groot migrasies glo uit Afrika
Vyf groot migrasies glo uit Afrika

Vyf groot migrasies glo uit Afrika

Francoise Steynberg
Die jongste genetiese navorsing toon mense het in vyf groot golwe uit Afrika gemigreer sowat 130 000 jaar gelede, gedryf deur onder meer reusagtige klimaatveranderings.

Dié twee studies is pas in die vakjoernaalNature gepubliseer. Dit is ook bevind die bevolking wat aanleiding gegee het tot álle mense wat vandag leef, het minstens 200 000 gelede evolusionêr­ afgeskei (van ander spesies).

Meer as 270 bevolkingsgroepe se genetika en merkers van herkoms is in die studies ontleed.

Volgens die internasionale navorsingspan, onder leiding van die Universiteit van Kopenhagen se Sentrum vir Geo-genetika, het die eerste moderne mense uit Afrika tussen 130 000 en 120 000 jaar gelede na Suidoos-Asië en Australasië gemigreer, waarskynlik al langs die kus van die Arabiese skiereiland en die Levant (die oostelike deel van die Middellandse See met sy eilande en aanliggende lande).

Daarna was nog vier migrasies: 106 000 tot 94 000 jaar gelede, 89 000 tot 73 000 jaar, 59 000 tot 47 000 en 45 000 tot 29 000 jaar gelede. Al vier migrasies het gepaardgegaan met klimaatverandering en veranderings in die see.

Die data gee ook die eerste verteenwoordigende en omvattende studie oor inheemse Austra­liërs en wys hulle is nader aan mekaar verwant as aan enige ander groepe in dié gebied. Volgens die navorsing was hulle duisende jare lank geneties geïsoleer.

Só werk dit: Daar is twee genetiese komponente (mitochondriese DNS en die Y-chromosoom) wat redelik stabiel bly in dié proses en net nou en dan kom mutasies daarop voor (soos ’n spelfout in die genetiese kode) wat merkers genoem word. Dít word merkers van herkoms genoem.

Deur die merkers terug na te spoor in dié gebied wat nie geskommel is nie, kan genetici letterlik die mees onlangse gemeenskaplike voorsaat van die mensdom eien en ­waarheen hulle migreer het. Die merkers dien dus as evolusionêre bakens langs die pad, al die pad tot in Afrika. - Netwerk24

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Republikein 2024-05-06

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Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 325.26/OZ UP +1.02% | Copper US$ 4.57/lb UP +0.96% | Zinc US$ 2 924.30/T UP -0.08% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 83.95/BBP UP +0.56% | Platinum US$ 955.73/OZ DOWN -0.0001 Sport results: Premier League: Liverpool 4 vs 2 Tottenham Hotspur | Brighton 1 vs 0 Aston Villa | Chelsea 5 vs 0 West Ham | Manchester City 5 vs 1 Wolves | Brentford 0 vs 0 Fulham | Sheffield United 1 vs 3 Nottingham Forest | Burnley 1 vs 4 Newcastle | Arsenal 3 vs 0 Bournemouth | Luton Town 1 vs 1 Everton LaLiga: Rayo Vallecano 0 vs 1 Almería | Sevilla 3 vs 0 Granada | Valencia 0 vs 1 Deportivo Alaves | Celta Vigo 3 vs 2 Villarreal | Osasuna 0 vs 2 Real Betis | Mallorca 0 vs 1 Atletico Madrid | Girona 4 vs 2 Barcelona | Real Madrid 3 vs 0 Cadiz | Real Sociedad 2 vs 0 Las Palmas | Getafe 0 vs 2 Athletic Club SerieA: Salernitana 1 vs 2 Atalanta | AS Roma 1 vs 1 Juventus | AC Milan 3 vs 3 Genoa | Empoli 0 vs 0 Frosinone | Hellas Verona 2 vs 1 Fiorentina | Cagliari 1 vs 1 Lecce | Sassuolo 1 vs 0 Inter Milan | Monza 2 vs 2 SS Lazio | Torino 0 vs 0 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: Plymouth Argyle 1 vs 0 Hull City | Birmingham City 1 vs 0 Norwich City | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Queens Park Rangers | Stoke City 4 vs 0 Bristol City | Swansea City 0 vs 1 Millwall FC | Leeds United 1 vs 2 Southampton | Ipswich Town 2 vs 0 Huddersfield Town | Sunderland 0 vs 2 Sheffield Wednesday | Rotherham United 5 vs 2 Cardiff City | Middlesbrough 3 vs 1 Watford | Leicester City 0 vs 2 Blackburn Rovers | West Bromwich Albion 3 vs 0 Preston North End English Championship: Plymouth Argyle 1 vs 0 Hull City | Birmingham City 1 vs 0 Norwich City | Coventry City 1 vs 2 Queens Park Rangers | Stoke City 4 vs 0 Bristol City | Swansea City 0 vs 1 Millwall FC | Leeds United 1 vs 2 Southampton | Ipswich Town 2 vs 0 Huddersfield Town | Sunderland 0 vs 2 Sheffield Wednesday | Rotherham United 5 vs 2 Cardiff City | Middlesbrough 3 vs 1 Watford | Leicester City 0 vs 2 Blackburn Rovers | West Bromwich Albion 3 vs 0 Preston North End Weather: Katima Mulilo: 18° | 35° Rundu: 16° | 34° Eenhana: 14° | 34° Oshakati: 17° | 33° Ruacana: 16° | 33° Tsumeb: 17° | 32° Otjiwarongo: 14° | 30° Omaruru: 15° | 32° Windhoek: 13° | 28° Gobabis: 16° | 29° Henties Bay: 13° | 19° Wind speed: 19km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 08:09, High tide: 14:30, Low Tide: 20:18, High tide: 02:00 Swakopmund: 15° | 17° Wind speed: 20km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 08:07, High tide: 14:28, Low Tide: 20:16, High tide: 02:00 Walvis Bay: 14° | 21° Wind speed: 25km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 08:07, High tide: 14:27, Low Tide: 20:16, High tide: 02:00 Rehoboth: 15° | 29° Mariental: 16° | 31° Keetmanshoop: 17° | 31° Aranos: 18° | 31° Lüderitz: 13° | 22° Ariamsvlei: 17° | 34° Oranjemund: 12° | 20° Luanda: 25° | 29° Gaborone: 15° | 30° Lubumbashi: 16° | 27° Mbabane: 14° | 28° Maseru: 10° | 25° Antananarivo: 10° | 22° Lilongwe: 17° | 29° Maputo: 18° | 30° Windhoek: 13° | 28° Cape Town: 15° | 16° Durban: 18° | 29° Johannesburg: 16° | 25° Dar es Salaam: 22° | 30° Lusaka: 19° | 30° Harare: 14° | 29° Economic Indicators: Currency: GBP to NAD 23.15 | EUR to NAD 19.88 | CNY to NAD 2.56 | USD to NAD 18.47 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.31 | EGP to NAD 0.38 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.67 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.64 | RUB to NAD 0.2 | INR to NAD 0.22 | USD to DZD 133.98 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.62 | USD to EGP 47.91 | USD to KES 133.48 | USD to NGN 1380 | USD to ZAR 18.47 | USD to ZMW 27.07 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 76776.44 Up +0.46% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1698.71 Down -0.09% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13362.48 Down -0.31% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 26113.71 Up +3.34% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 325.26/OZ UP +1.02% | Copper US$ 4.57/lb UP +0.96% | Zinc US$ 2 924.30/T UP -0.08% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 83.95/BBP UP +0.56% | Platinum US$ 955.73/OZ DOWN -0.0001