Geheim van olifantsterftes in Botswana ontrafel
Geheim van olifantsterftes in Botswana ontrafel

Geheim van olifantsterftes in Botswana ontrafel

Francoise Steynberg
Francoise Steynberg – Ná maande se kopkrap is die misterie van die honderde olifantsterftes in Botswana opgelos met die bevinding van die oorsaak: gifstowwe wat in waterbronne deur sianobakterieë geproduseer is.

Botswana se ministerie van die omgewing, natuurlike hulpbronbewaring en toerisme het Maandag die bevinding bekend gemaak van wat tot tot 330 olifantsterftes vanjaar gelei het.

Geen verwante olifantsterftes is in Namibië waargeneem nie.

Sianobakterieë is mikroskopiese organismes wat algemeen in waterbronne en soms in grond voorkom. Dit is giftige bakterieë wat op natuurlike wyse in staande water voorkom, asook soms in groot blomme wat as blougroen alge bekend staan.

Volgens wetenskaplikes kom hierdie giftige bakterieë al hoe meer voor namate klimaatsverandering temperature laat styg.

Olifantkarkasse is sedert Mei by watergate in die Okavango-delta in Botswana gevind. Teen Julie was daar 281 karkasse en die totaal staan tans op 330.

Vergiftiging, asook stropery is as oorsake uitgeskakel, omdat die olifanttande nie verwyder is nie.

Die bevindinge volg ná maande se toetse in spesialislaboratoriums in Suid-Afrika, Kanada, Zimbabwe en Amerika.

Volgens die ministerie is dit ’n gifstof wat deur sianobakterieë veroorsaak word, maar die spesifieke senugif moet nog vasgestel word.

Die voorkoms van die gifstof is moontlik weens die erge droogte wat verlede jaar voorgekom het en daarna met ‘n goeie reënseisoen opgevolg is, sê ’n adjunkdirekteur in die ministerie, mnr. Cyril Taolo.

“Toe die panne aan die einde van Junie opgedroog het, het die siekte ook verdwyn,” het die ministerie se hoofveearts, dr. Mmadi Reuben, uitgewys.

“Die belangrikste is dat die ondersoek voortduur waarom dit gebeur het, sodat ons kan verseker dat dit nie weer in die toekoms gebeur nie.”

Sommige sianobakteriese algeskuim kan vir mense en diere skadelik wees en wetenskaplikes het kommer oor die potensiële impak uitgespreek.

Vrae bestaan steeds waarom slegs olifante geraak is, terwyl ander diere in die Okavango-delta ongedeerd is.

Altesaam 25 olifantkarkasse is ook in Zimbabwe ontdek en die vermoede bestaan dat hulle ook weens ’n bakteriële infeksie omgekom het.

Zimbabwe het monsters vir ontleding na Brittanje gestuur en wag vir permitte om ook monsters na twee ander lande te kan stuur.

’n Derde van Afrika se olifante kom in Botswana voor, met die olifantbevolking wat op sowat 130 000 beraam word. - Bykomende bron Reuters

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Premier League: Manchester United 4 vs 2 Sheffield United | Everton 2 vs 0 Liverpool | Crystal Palace 2 vs 0 Newcastle | Wolves 0 vs 1 Bournemouth | Arsenal 5 vs 0 Chelsea LaLiga: Sevilla 2 vs 1 Mallorca SerieA: AC Milan 1 vs 2 Inter Milan | AS Roma 1 vs 3 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: Coventry City 2 vs 3 Hull City | Leicester City 5 vs 0 Southampton | Middlesbrough 3 vs 4 Leeds United English Championship: Coventry City 2 vs 3 Hull City | Leicester City 5 vs 0 Southampton | Middlesbrough 3 vs 4 Leeds United Katima Mulilo: 15° | 34° Rundu: 15° | 34° Eenhana: 15° | 35° Oshakati: 17° | 34° Ruacana: 17° | 35° Tsumeb: 18° | 33° Otjiwarongo: 14° | 31° Omaruru: 17° | 34° Windhoek: 15° | 29° Gobabis: 17° | 31° Henties Bay: 15° | 21° Wind speed: 22km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 10:02, High tide: 04:02, Low Tide: 22:08, High tide: 16:27 Swakopmund: 15° | 16° Wind speed: 27km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:00, High tide: 04:00, Low Tide: 22:06, High tide: 16:25 Walvis Bay: 15° | 23° Wind speed: 35km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:00, High tide: 03:59, Low Tide: 22:06, High tide: 16:24 Rehoboth: 16° | 31° Mariental: 19° | 32° Keetmanshoop: 19° | 32° Aranos: 20° | 33° Lüderitz: 14° | 25° Ariamsvlei: 18° | 31° Oranjemund: 14° | 21° Luanda: 26° | 29° Gaborone: 18° | 31° Lubumbashi: 12° | 26° Mbabane: 15° | 20° Maseru: 12° | 26° Antananarivo: 14° | 26° Lilongwe: 14° | 27° Maputo: 20° | 27° Windhoek: 15° | 29° Cape Town: 16° | 24° Durban: 18° | 23° Johannesburg: 18° | 25° Dar es Salaam: 23° | 26° Lusaka: 18° | 29° Harare: 15° | 29° Currency: GBP to NAD 23.65 | EUR to NAD 20.3 | CNY to NAD 2.62 | USD to NAD 18.94 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.34 | EGP to NAD 0.39 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.72 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.72 | RUB to NAD 0.21 | INR to NAD 0.23 | USD to DZD 134.23 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.85 | USD to EGP 47.85 | USD to KES 134.48 | USD to NGN 1277.03 | USD to ZAR 18.97 | USD to ZMW 26.35 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 74513.94 Up +0.68% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1545.38 Up +1.53% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13281.24 Up +0.26% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 25917.59 Down -3.21% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 329.94/OZ UP +0.59% | Copper US$ 4.52/lb UP +1.99% | Zinc US$ 2 873.90/T UP 2.4% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 88.08/BBP UP +0.10% | Platinum US$ 902.25/OZ UP +0.01% Sport results: Premier League: Manchester United 4 vs 2 Sheffield United | Everton 2 vs 0 Liverpool | Crystal Palace 2 vs 0 Newcastle | Wolves 0 vs 1 Bournemouth | Arsenal 5 vs 0 Chelsea LaLiga: Sevilla 2 vs 1 Mallorca SerieA: AC Milan 1 vs 2 Inter Milan | AS Roma 1 vs 3 Bologna European Championships Qualifying: Coventry City 2 vs 3 Hull City | Leicester City 5 vs 0 Southampton | Middlesbrough 3 vs 4 Leeds United English Championship: Coventry City 2 vs 3 Hull City | Leicester City 5 vs 0 Southampton | Middlesbrough 3 vs 4 Leeds United Weather: Katima Mulilo: 15° | 34° Rundu: 15° | 34° Eenhana: 15° | 35° Oshakati: 17° | 34° Ruacana: 17° | 35° Tsumeb: 18° | 33° Otjiwarongo: 14° | 31° Omaruru: 17° | 34° Windhoek: 15° | 29° Gobabis: 17° | 31° Henties Bay: 15° | 21° Wind speed: 22km/h, Wind direction: S, Low tide: 10:02, High tide: 04:02, Low Tide: 22:08, High tide: 16:27 Swakopmund: 15° | 16° Wind speed: 27km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:00, High tide: 04:00, Low Tide: 22:06, High tide: 16:25 Walvis Bay: 15° | 23° Wind speed: 35km/h, Wind direction: SW, Low tide: 10:00, High tide: 03:59, Low Tide: 22:06, High tide: 16:24 Rehoboth: 16° | 31° Mariental: 19° | 32° Keetmanshoop: 19° | 32° Aranos: 20° | 33° Lüderitz: 14° | 25° Ariamsvlei: 18° | 31° Oranjemund: 14° | 21° Luanda: 26° | 29° Gaborone: 18° | 31° Lubumbashi: 12° | 26° Mbabane: 15° | 20° Maseru: 12° | 26° Antananarivo: 14° | 26° Lilongwe: 14° | 27° Maputo: 20° | 27° Windhoek: 15° | 29° Cape Town: 16° | 24° Durban: 18° | 23° Johannesburg: 18° | 25° Dar es Salaam: 23° | 26° Lusaka: 18° | 29° Harare: 15° | 29° Economic Indicators: Currency: GBP to NAD 23.65 | EUR to NAD 20.3 | CNY to NAD 2.62 | USD to NAD 18.94 | DZD to NAD 0.14 | AOA to NAD 0.02 | BWP to NAD 1.34 | EGP to NAD 0.39 | KES to NAD 0.14 | NGN to NAD 0.01 | ZMW to NAD 0.72 | ZWL to NAD 0.04 | BRL to NAD 3.72 | RUB to NAD 0.21 | INR to NAD 0.23 | USD to DZD 134.23 | USD to AOA 834.06 | USD to BWP 13.85 | USD to EGP 47.85 | USD to KES 134.48 | USD to NGN 1277.03 | USD to ZAR 18.97 | USD to ZMW 26.35 | USD to ZWL 321 | Stock Exchange: JSE All Share Index 74513.94 Up +0.68% | Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) Overall Index 1545.38 Up +1.53% | Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) MASI 13281.24 Up +0.26% | Egyptian Exchange (EGX) 30 Index 25917.59 Down -3.21% | Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) DCI Same 0 | NSX: MTC 7.75 SAME | Anirep 8.99 SAME | Capricorn Investment group 17.34 SAME | FirstRand Namibia Ltd 49 DOWN 0.50% | Letshego Holdings (Namibia) Ltd 4.1 UP 2.50% | Namibia Asset Management Ltd 0.7 SAME | Namibia Breweries Ltd 31.49 UP 0.03% | Nictus Holdings - Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 329.94/OZ UP +0.59% | Copper US$ 4.52/lb UP +1.99% | Zinc US$ 2 873.90/T UP 2.4% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 88.08/BBP UP +0.10% | Platinum US$ 902.25/OZ UP +0.01%