Damaraland-ontdekking staaf kennis

Die ontdekking van koppies by Twyfelfontein met sekere kenmerke is nóg ‘n deel van ’n legkaart wat bevestig wat wetenskaplikes reeds weet.
Elvira Hattingh
Elvira Hattingh - Hoewel Amerikaanse geoloë onlangs spesifieke koppies (drumlins) naby Twyfelfontein eerste geïdentifiseer het, wat aandui dat ‘n ysgletserstroom in dié gebied gevloei het, bestaan verskeie aantekeninge van gletseraktiwiteit in suidelike Afrika reeds.

Dit is reeds algemeen bekend dat Namibië miljoene jare gelede by die Suidpool geleë was, en dat die wegbreking van die vasteland die ys laat smelt het.

Dít het veroorsaak dat bewegende gletsers spore agterlaat.

Die geoloë mnr. Graham Andrews en me. Sarah Brown, van die West Virginia-universiteit, het onlangs ‘n reeks van sowat 93 kenmerkende formasies naby Twyfelfontein ontdek. Bestaande navorsing verwys nie spesifiek na dié formasies nie.

Die koppies het bevestig wat reeds bekend is – dat Namibië gletserbedrywighede getoon het.

Die nuut geïdentifiseerde koppies word slegs deur ysgletsers gevorm en dit is ongewoon om dit in ‘n woestyn teë te kom.

Dit kom wel algemeen in Noord-Amerika, asook die noordelike dele van Europa voor, en is tot dusver meestal in Kanada, die noordelike dele van Amerika, Engeland, Ierland, Skotland, Swede, Duitsland, Finland en Groenland opgemerk.

Die navorsing is op 30 Januarie in die wetenskapjoernaal PLOS One met die titel “First description of subglacial megalineations from the late Paleozoic ice age in southern Africa” gepubliseer.

In die boek Namibia Fascination of Geology deur Nicole Grünert, waarvan die vyfde uitgawe reeds in 2013 verskyn het, skryf sy dat bewyse gevind is dat bykans die hele suidwestelike Afrika deur enorme binnelandse gletsers bedek was, wat ook oor die hele hedendaagse Antarktika, dele van Australië, Indië en Suid-Amerika versprei was.

Grünert sê die sogenaamde Gondwana-ystydperk in Suider-Afrika het sowat 280 miljoen jaar gelede tot ‘n einde gekom toe dié deel van die vasteland weggedryf het van die Suidpool af vanweë tektoniese prosesse.

“Die smeltende ysmassas het groot hoeveelhede gletserwegdrywings agtergelaat. Die Dwyka-reeks het in baie plekke in Namibië behoue gebly, veral in suidelike Namibië tussen Mariental en Keetmanshoop, en ook op sporadiese wyse in die Noordweste in die Kaokoveld,” het sy in die tweede hoofstuk van haar boek geskryf.

Sy sê die smeltende gletsers het verskeie mere gevorm, asook komme waarin afsaksels vasgevang is.

“Só het rotse uit die Ecca-groep gevorm, wat vandag steeds te sien is in beperkte gebiede om Twyfelfontein of in die Suide by die Mukorob. Terwyl die klimaat toenemend warmer geraak het, het talle riviere ’n reusehoeveelheid erosiemateriaal van nabygeleë berge weggevoer en dit in groot deltas gedeponeer,” sê Grünert.

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Nam 2.22 SAME | Oryx Properties Ltd 12.1 UP 1.70% | Paratus Namibia Holdings 11.99 SAME | SBN Holdings 8.45 SAME | Trustco Group Holdings Ltd 0.48 SAME | B2Gold Corporation 47.34 DOWN 1.50% | Local Index closed 677.62 UP 0.12% | Overall Index closed 1534.6 DOWN 0.05% | Osino Resources Corp 19.47 DOWN 2.41% | Commodities: Gold US$ 2 326.69/OZ UP +0.14% | Copper US$ 4.47/lb UP +1.32% | Zinc US$ 2 841.90/T UP 1.43% | Brent Crude Oil US$ 88.13/BBP DOWN -0.0023 | Platinum US$ 903.58/OZ DOWN -0.0069